Ullmann Condensation

Mechanism of the Ullmann Condensation

Original publication	Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.. 1905, 38, 2211.
Reviews	Acc. Chem. Res.. 2008, 41, 1450. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed.. 2009, 48, 6954. Chem. Rev.. 2008, 108, 3054. Russ. Chem. Rev.. 1974, 43, 679. Synlett. 2003, 0, 2428.

Sample reactions

K2CO3, CuO

Pyr

Reflux, 20 h, 61%