Fischer Indole Synthesis

Mechanism of the Fischer Indole Synthesis

Original publication	Ber. Dtsch. Chem. Ges.. 1883, 16, 2241. Heterocycles. 1984, 22, 1211.
Reviews	Chem. Rev.. 1963, 63, 373. Chem. Rev.. 1969, 69, 227. Org. Prep. Proced. Int.. 1993, 25, 607.

Sample reactions

PPA

100 °C, 10 min, 54%

HCO2H

80 °C, 10 h, 72%

AcOH

110 °C, 40 h, 75% (93% BRSM)

PhNHNH2

AcOH

95 °C, 8 h, 62%

AcOH

EtOH, H2O

70 °C, 65 min, 45%