Aldol Condensation

Schematic representation of the Aldol Condensation.

Mechanism of the Aldol Condensation

Mechanism of the Aldol Condensation

Original publication	Bull. Soc. Chim. Fr.. 1872, 17, 436.
Review	Org. React.. 1968, 16, 1.

Sample reactions

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

CuI, MeLi

THF

0 °C to RT, 45 min, 60%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

KOt-Bu

THF

Reflux, 6 h, 75%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

NaOMe

MeOH

-10 °C, 10 min, 69%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

NaOH

H2O, MeOH

Reflux, 2 h, 58% (2 steps)

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

AcOH, Piperidine

Dean-Stark

PhH

60 °C, 60 min, 66% (2 steps)

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

Pyrrolidinium acetate

MeOH

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

KOH

EtOH

Reflux, , 84%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

NaOH

H2O, THF

RT, 10 h, 70% (3 steps)

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

TiCl4

o-Dichlorobenzene

85%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

NaOt-Amyl

PhH

Reflux, 3.5 h, 89%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

NaH

PhMe

Reflux, 18.5 h, 66%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

Al2O3

4 Å MS

CH2Cl2

RT, 2 h, 70%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

KOt-Bu

t-BuOH

0 °C, 60 min

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

KOH

EtOH, H2O

55 °C, 90 min, 40%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

KOH, n-Bu4N+ OH-

Et2O, THF

Reflux, ON, 97%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

NaOMe

MeOH, THF

-10 to 2 °C, 18 h, 90%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

KOH

MeOH

RT, 30 min, 85%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

Me3N+Bn HO-, MeCN

Dean-Stark

PhH

Reflux, 2 h, 82%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

KOH, n-Bu4N+ OH-

Et2O, H2O, THF

Reflux, 4 h, 84% (2 steps)

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

KOH

H2O

95 °C, 6 h

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

NaOH

H2O, MeOH

Reflux, 18 h, 46% (3 steps)

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

KOH

H2O, MeOH

RT, 20 h, 72%

intermediate structure

intermediate structure

NaOEt

EtOH

70 °C, 45 min

intermediate structure